The analysis of the intervention included 133 subjects, as 23 subjects were lost to follow-up. Subjects assigned to the combination group, received the same dosage of medication and exercise as other two intervention groups. Subjects assigned to the medication group were initially prescribed 50 mg of sertraline and were titrated to a well-tolerated dosage of 200 mg. Subjects assigned to the exercise intervention attended three supervised 45 minute exercise classes a week, for 16 weeks. The study participants were given the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) in order to determine the severity of MDD at baseline and at follow up of 4, 6 and 10 months. Three interventions were compared: 1) aerobic exercise, 2) sertraline therapy, or 3) a combination of exercise and sertraline. They followed 156 adult individuals over the age of 50 with MDD for 4 months and assessed recovery at 10 months.
DEFINITION ENDORPHIN TRIAL
This randomized control trial was designed to assess the efficacy of physical activity in improving recovery from major depression disorder (MDD). The study below showed a significant therapeutic benefit of exercise in individuals with major depression disorder. Exercise as a Therapeutic Adjunct in Treating Depressionĭepression is historically treated with antidepressants and psychotherapy. Therefore, the authors concluded that randomized control trials are needed before concluding that exercise is an effective means of preventing depression. However, in cross-sectional studies it is not necessarily clear whether reduced emotional stress is a result of activity an alternative explanation is that those with low stress levels are more inclined to exercise. Once such study of 5,061 individuals by Steptoe and Butler suggestted that vigorous physical activity was associated with reduced emotional distress. The authors cite several cross- sectional studies that report a high association between regular physical activity and low depression incidence in adolescents and the elderly. examined the association between physical activity as it relates to the prevalence and incidence of depression and anxiety disorders.
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One theory is that continual stress can lead to dysfunction of this feedback mechanism, resulting in sustained elevations in cortisol that decreased secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (NBDNF), which causes further damage to hippocampal neurons, thereby contributing to some of the cognitive abnormalities seen with depression.Ī review by Farmer et al. Normally, there is a feedback inhibition by which increased cortisol levels in blood reduces secretion of additional corticotropin releasing factor. This hormone causes the adrenal glands to secrete cortisol. When the body is stressed, neurons release corticotrophin releasing factor (not corticotropin factor), which stimulates release of adrenocorticotropic hormone from the pituitary gland.
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One of the most powerful components in the development of depression is stress.
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Over an individual's lifetime, one may experience depressive symptoms without having a major depressive episode. A person may have one or repeated episodes over a lifetime. Major depression is defined as persistent (months long), profound blues or irritable mood, and loss of interest interfering with normal functioning.